Available in 6 different sizes:
2.5 Gallon Jug
55 Gallon Drum
275 Gallon IBC Tote
330 Gallon IBC Tote
5500 Gallon Flexi-Tank
5500 Gallon Bulk Delivery
DEF Specifications
Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) has strict quality standards defined by specifications from organizations like the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the American Petroleum Institute (API).
The key specifications include:
ISO 22241
This international standard defines the quality standards for DEF, including acceptable levels of impurities. Key requirements include urea content between 32.5% and 33.5% and limits on impurities like aldehydes, metals, and biuret.
API Requirements
The API maintains a certification program for DEF, with requirements aligned with ISO 22241. Certified DEF products will carry the API logo.
AUS 32
This specification from the AdBlue manufacturers group defines DEF as having 32.5% urea content. The name comes from AUS for "Aqueous Urea Solution" and 32 for 32.5% urea. AUS 32 DEF aligns with ISO 22241 and API standards.
Adhering to these quality standards ensures the DEF has the right urea concentration, aligned with what the SCR system expects. Using substandard or contaminated DEF could lead to system damage or failure. So, it's important only to use DEF that meets specifications like ISO 22241 and API requirements. The AUS 32 diesel exhaust fluid designation assures that the DEF meets the strict quality standards.
Using DEF in Vehicles
Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) is used in selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems to reduce emissions in diesel engines. By spraying DEF into the exhaust stream, hazardous NOx emissions are converted to innocuous nitrogen and water vapor.
DEF is used in most new diesel vehicles today, including:
Light-duty Diesel Vehicles
Pickup trucks, SUVs, passenger vehicles. These typically have 5-10 gallon DEF tanks.
Medium-duty Diesel Vehicle
Delivery trucks, dump trucks, ambulances, utility trucks. These have 10-20 gallon tanks.
Heavy-duty Diesel Vehicles
Semi-trucks, tractor-trailers, and buses use DEF tanks that are 20-30+ gallons to allow for a longer range between refills.
The DEF system automatically measures the level of emissions from the diesel engine and injects the optimal amount of DEF to reduce NOx by 80% or more. A NOx sensor provides feedback to ensure the proper dosing.
The SCR system allows the DEF to atomize and evenly distribute within the exhaust stream. The hot exhaust causes the DEF to thermally decompose into ammonia, which reacts with the NOx on the SCR catalyst. When the DEF tank runs empty, the vehicle eventually enters a limited power mode to encourage refilling the DEF.
Benefits of DEF
AUS 32 Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) provides several important benefits that have made it an integral component of modern diesel engine emissions systems. The key benefits of DEF include:
Reduces NOx Emissions
DEF helps lower dangerous nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions from diesel engines. NOx contributes to smog and respiratory problems. By converting NOx into nitrogen and water, DEF reduces NOx emissions by up to 90%.
Improves Air Quality
By reducing NOx emissions, DEF helps improve overall air quality. Widespread use of DEF in commercial trucks, buses, heavy equipment, and other diesel vehicles has significantly reduced harmful emissions that contribute to smog. Using DEF is an important way to make diesel engines cleaner.
DEF is a crucial additive that makes diesel engines run much cleaner. Its NOx reduction and air quality benefits have made it an essential component of today's diesel exhaust after-treatment systems. DEF helps mitigate the environmental impact of diesel engines while allowing them to maintain performance and efficiency.
Storage and Handling
Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) must be stored and handled properly to maintain quality and effectiveness. Here are some key considerations:
Storage Temperature
DEF freezes around 12°F (-11°C). It can be kept in environments below freezing, provided it is thawed and mixed before dispensing into a vehicle. Avoid storing DEF at temperatures above 86°F (30°C) as it may degrade over time. The ideal storage temperature is between 23-77°F (-5 - 25°C).
Avoiding Contamination
Contaminants like dirt, dust, and other fluids can degrade DEF quality. Use clean, dedicated equipment and storage containers labeled only for DEF. Clean any equipment before transferring or dispensing. Avoid mixing DEF with any other fluids. Immediately clean up any spills.
Refilling DEF
Diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) must be periodically refilled in diesel vehicles that use selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems. Knowing when to refill your DEF tank and understanding the process is important for maintaining your vehicle and emissions system.
Determining When to Refill
Most diesel vehicles have a DEF gauge on the dashboard that shows the fluid level. When the gauge approaches empty, it's time to refill your DEF tank. Many modern diesel vehicles also have a low DEF warning light or message that will display when the fluid level gets low. Most experts recommend refilling the DEF tank when it reaches below 1/4 full to ensure you don't run out. Running out of DEF can lead to power derates and speed limitations in the vehicle.
You can also check the DEF level when you take your vehicle in for routine maintenance or service. Your technician can inspect the tank level and let you know if it's time for a refill. When you bring your vehicle in, many diesel service centers will top off your DEF.
DEF Safety
Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) is a non-hazardous solution, but proper safety precautions should still be taken when handling it.
Eye and Skin Exposure
Although DEF is non-irritating, contact with eyes or skin should be avoided. When handling DEF, put on safety goggles and protective gloves to avoid unintentional exposure. If DEF gets in your eyes, rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Wash off any skin contact thoroughly with soap and water.
Ingestion and Inhalation
Do not ingest DEF. If swallowed, make sure you get lots of water and consult a doctor. Avoid breathing in DEF vapors or mists. Work with DEF in well-ventilated areas.
Proper PPE
When handling DEF, the following PPE is recommended:
- Safety goggles to protect eyes
- Liquid-proof gloves to prevent skin contact
- Respirator or face mask if working with DEF in poorly ventilated areas
DEF is non-hazardous but can irritate the eyes and skin. Proper PPE and handling procedures should be used to prevent accidental exposure. If working with large quantities of DEF, work in well-ventilated areas and use appropriate respiratory protection.
Disposing of DEF
Diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) contains urea, which can negatively affect the environment if disposed improperly. Proper disposal of used DEF is important to avoid pollution and follow regulations.
The old fluid must be handled as hazardous waste when changing DEF filters or draining DEF tanks. DEF disposal is regulated because urea can encourage algae growth in waterways, leading to eutrophication. The nitrogen in urea acts as a fertilizer, causing algal blooms that reduce oxygen levels and harm aquatic ecosystems.
DEF should never be poured down the drain or dumped on the ground to avoid environmental contamination. Contaminating storm drains, sewers, or groundwater with DEF can lead to significant fines.
Instead, DEF should be disposed of according to hazardous waste guidelines. Some DEF suppliers offer recycling programs to take back used fluid. Additionally, there are waste management companies that will properly handle DEF disposal. Depending on the regulations in your area, used DEF may need to be registered as hazardous waste for specialized disposal.
Recycling DEF through a certified reclamation process is the best environmental option. The urea can be extracted and purified for reuse in fresh DEF fluid. This prevents the need to manufacture new DEF while keeping the used fluid out of water sources. DEF reclamation uses 70% less energy than producing new urea.
Following hazardous waste disposal protocols and recycling using DEF when possible can significantly reduce the environmental impact. Proper DEF disposal and recycling are crucial for sustainably operating diesel vehicles while protecting ecosystems.
